206 bones in the body
FUNCTIONS
1. Supports body and provides shape.
2. Protects internal organs.
3. driveway and anchorage of muscles.
4. Mineral storage. (Calcium and phosphorus)
5. Hemopoiesis
OSTEOCYTE mature bone cell
work up FORMATION
conceptus skeletal starts as osteoblasts
(primitive embryonic cells) then change to cartilage.
At 8 weeks, OSSIFICATION begins. (Mineral matter
begins to replace cartilage) Infant bones kooky because
ossification not complete at birth.
FONTANEL - salving spot on babys head
STRUCTURE OF large BONE
DIAPHYSIS shaft
EPIPHYSES ends
MEDULLARY CAVITY center of shaft, filled with icteric bone marrow, which is mostly fat cells, also cells that form snow-clad daub cells.
ENDOSTEUM lines marrow cavity
Shaft is made of COMPACT BONE ends are SPONGY BONE. Ends contain rosy-cheeked marrow where red blood cells are made.
PERIOSTEUM tough, outside covering of bone contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves.
AXIAL & APPENDICULAR SKELETON
AXIAL skull, spinal column, ribs, sternum, hyoid
APPENDICULAR lift girdle, arms, pelvis, legs.
Spine Vertebral Column
Encloses the spinal cord
Vertebrae separated by pads of cartilage = intervertebral discs
Cervical vertebrae (7)
Thoracic vertebrae (12)
Lumbar vertebrae (5)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Ribs and Sternum
Sternum separate into 3 parts bottom tip is XIPHOID PROCESS
12 pairs of ribs graduation exercise 7 are true ribs connected to sternum by cartilage
- next 3 are false ribs cartilage connects them to seventh rib (not sternum)
- next 2 are floating
Appendicular Skeleton
? collarbone collar bone
? scapula shoulder blade
? humerus upper arm
? radius and elbow bone lower arm
? carpals wrist bones held together by ligaments
? metalcarpals throw bones
? phalanges fingers
? pelvis 3 bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis)
? femur upper leg, protracted and strongest bone in body
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