Stages of Occupation
1. Oscans
o Both Pompeii and Herculaneum were believed by Strabo to have been founded by the Oscans
2. Greeks
o Greeks did not use Pompeii as a permanent settlement, precisely used for trading
3. Etruscans
o Etruscans established Capua which became leading city in Campania
o It has been suggested by some scholars that the growth of Pompeii was associated with Etruscan civilization in southern Campania
4. Samnites
o Etruscan power in Campania collapsed after their surpass by a coalition of Greek cities at the entropy battle of Cumae in 474 BC
o The vacuum left by the Etruscans was filled by the Samnites from the harsh mountains of central Italy
5. Romans
o In 4th Century BC, the Romans came into conflict with the Samnites in a serial of wars (the Samnite Wars)
o In 343 BC the Romans entered Campania and by 302 BC had set down at the mouth of the Sarno River
o By 300 BC, the Samnite towns of Campania including Pompeii and Herculaneum had let part of the Roman confederation.
o Pompeii and Herculaneum benefited from the increase in stemma generated in the area by the expansion of capital of Italy.
Brief historic overview up to and including the eruption of AD 79
Between 125 and 95 BC trouble was brewing among the Italian allies of Rome including Pompeii and Herculaneum
In 91 BC Romes Italian allies broke out into open war (The mixer War)
Pompeii took a leading role in the war
Roman planetary Aulus Postumius Albinus laid siege to Pompeii in 89 BC but when he was hanged by his mutinous troops, Lucius Cornelius Sulla took charge of operations
In 80 BC, Sulla transformed Pompeii into a Roman colony
As new wealth poured into Pompeii it was embellished with lavish houses and the layout of the city was changed to cater for much public buildings required by the new colonists
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