Hand-Held Dynamometry

A strength of this study was its attempts to eliminate bias with blind examiners; reliableness was further enhance with interrater assessment and random selection of brawniness groups.

Most muscleman groups had excellent stability. Upper-extremity muscle groups had higher long-term stability than get down-extremity groups. individual correlations show coefficients ranged from .76 to .98. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .75 to .99. As more distal muscles were time-tested, the adjudicate size was smaller which whitethorn surrender limited results.

perceptual constancy of test-retest measuring rods in most muscle groups tested was demonstrated. Muscle groups with lower reliability were previously reported to render lower reliability when tested over a 2-day period or inside a single session. Lower reliability of the left pelvis extensor measurements may have been partially due to a lack of support of the leg while testing pelvic arch extensors; however this argument is questionable since right hip extensor measurements showed excellent reliability. Greater stability of measurements in paretic limbs than in nonparetic limbs was not plunge, as in a previous study. Poor reliability of the weaker paretic muscle groups may have been due to a smaller sample size and lower statistical power and windup(prenominal) problems with the ergometer. Support of the lower extremity during hip extensor tests, blow up of the dynamometer end pieces, and the use of a smaller, digital dynam

Differences in torque values betwixt muscle groups was found; this was expected since selected muscles were selected to demonstrate a extensive range of strength. Little differences between female and male raters' close torque values was found for the female test shell; this suggested good interrater reliability. Findings were mistakable for the male subject except for the oddment two muscle groups which demonstrated higher strength measurements. stabilization was lost by female raters on two muscle groups; this may have been due to rater body weight and catch strength. A merit and difference for this study was its investigation and banker's bill of examiner characteristics.

1. Effgen, S. K.; Brown, D. A.

Long-term stability of hand-held dynamometric measurements in children who have myelomeningocele. Phys. Ther. 72(6):458-465; 1992.

It was concluded that rater gender, body weight, and grip strength affect dynamometer stabilization and reliability for obtaining torque measurements and females may not be strong enough to handle HHDs; effects are found in testing of stronger muscle groups of stronger subjects. Previous studies offer resembling findings. A weakness of this study is its generalized conclusion and probable lack of awareness of possible alternative explanations, regarding female strength. A limited sample size may not have accurately represented this population. Additional factors such as full point of previous bang may result in diverse conclusions. This study also did not compare findings to additional measurement techniques.

Knee extensor strength was measured by HHD and MMT. Examiners tested different patients. A lack of trunk stabilization may have biased results but the effect would be similar for both HHD and MMT. MMT was performed before HHD tests; passive tests of joint condition disconnected tests. Spark dynamometer was used. Examiners did not have previous experience with HHD and practice was with the instruction manual; this inexp
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